Which of the following medications is used as an anti-inflammatory agent?

Aspirin is used as an anti-inflammatory agent due to its ability to inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals in the body that promote inflammation, pain, and fever. By blocking the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), aspirin reduces the formation of these compounds, leading to decreased inflammation and alleviation of pain.

Aspirin’s anti-inflammatory properties make it useful not only in treating conditions such as arthritis and other inflammatory diseases but also in preventing cardiovascular issues due to its antiplatelet effects. This dual functionality adds to its significance as a treatment option.

The other medications listed serve different purposes: Penicillin is primarily an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections; Clonidine is an antihypertensive medication that acts on the central nervous system to lower blood pressure; and Metformin is an antidiabetic drug that helps regulate blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. None of these alternatives possess significant anti-inflammatory properties like aspirin does.