Which of the following is a common side effect of cyclosporine (Sandimmune)?

Gingival hyperplasia is indeed a common side effect associated with cyclosporine use. This medication is an immunosuppressant that is frequently prescribed for conditions requiring the inhibition of the immune system, such as organ transplants and certain autoimmune diseases. Cyclosporine can lead to an increase in gingival tissue due to its effect on collagen metabolism and the stimulation of fibroblast activity within the gum tissues.

The mechanism behind this side effect involves the drug's influence on the immune response and the changes it induces in connective tissue homeostasis. Clinicians often monitor patients on cyclosporine for signs of gingival overgrowth, especially if they have pre-existing oral health complications.

While other options like xerostomia, stomach upset, and high blood pressure can be noted with various medications or conditions, they are not directly correlated as strongly with cyclosporine as gingival hyperplasia is. Cyclosporine can cause nephrotoxicity leading to hypertension, but this is less frequently highlighted in comparison to the pronounced gingival overgrowth effect. Therefore, recognizing gingival hyperplasia as a notable side effect of cyclosporine use is crucial for healthcare providers, allowing them to implement appropriate preventive and management strategies.