Which medication type disrupts the cough reflex arc located in the brain stem?

Anti-tussive medications specifically target the cough reflex arc by acting on the central nervous system, particularly within the brain stem. The primary function of anti-tussives is to suppress the cough reflex that might be triggered during respiratory illnesses or conditions that cause irritation in the respiratory tract. By altering the transmission of signals within the brain that initiate the cough response, these medications can effectively reduce the frequency and intensity of coughing, providing relief for patients.

In contrast, other medication types serve different purposes that do not involve the direct modulation of the cough reflex. Anticholinergics primarily block the action of acetylcholine, leading to reduced secretions and bronchodilation, but they do not specifically inhibit the cough reflex in the brain. Bronchodilators work by relaxing airway muscles and expanding the airways, which helps ease breathing but does not directly suppress coughing. Lastly, leukotriene modifiers are used to manage asthma and allergic rhinitis by inhibiting leukotriene pathways, thereby reducing inflammation and bronchoconstriction without addressing the cough reflex itself.