Which drug is primarily known for its ability to cause respiratory depression?

Opioids are primarily known for their ability to cause respiratory depression due to their action on the central nervous system. These drugs bind to specific receptors in the brain, particularly the mu-opioid receptors, leading to decreased responsiveness of the respiratory centers to carbon dioxide levels. As a result, this can lead to slowed or even halted breathing, especially at higher doses or when used in conjunction with other respiratory depressants like benzodiazepines or alcohol. This effect makes careful dosing and monitoring crucial when prescribing opioids, particularly for patients with respiratory conditions.

In contrast, acetaminophen and ibuprofen are non-opioid analgesics that do not have significant effects on the respiratory system, primarily functioning through inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes to relieve pain and reduce fever. Nitrous oxide does have some anesthetic properties, but its effects on respiration are generally not as pronounced or dangerous as those of opioids, making opioids the clear choice when discussing respiratory depression.