Which class of drugs increases insulin sensitivity?

Biguanides are a class of drugs that are primarily represented by metformin. These medications work predominantly by increasing insulin sensitivity, particularly in muscle and adipose tissues, thereby enhancing the body's response to insulin. This action helps to lower blood glucose levels more effectively by allowing cells to utilize glucose with greater efficiency.

Furthermore, biguanides reduce hepatic glucose production, which is beneficial for patients with type 2 diabetes, as it addresses the root of insulin resistance and aids in managing blood sugar levels. By enhancing insulin sensitivity, biguanides help improve glycemic control without causing an increase in insulin secretion, a notable advantage compared to other classes of diabetes medications.

Thiazolidinediones are also known for increasing insulin sensitivity, particularly in fat and muscle tissues, but they are distinct from biguanides in their mechanism and specific effects. Meglitinides work by stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas, while insulin itself directly lowers blood glucose levels through enhanced glucose uptake but does not address sensitivity directly. Therefore, the significance of biguanides in increasing insulin sensitivity sets them apart as a critical option in the management of type 2 diabetes.