What is a common side effect of NSAIDs?

A common side effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is gastrointestinal (GI) irritation. This occurs because NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which play a crucial role in the production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are compounds that not only mediate pain and inflammation but also help maintain the protective lining of the stomach. When their production is inhibited, the stomach becomes more susceptible to damage from gastric acid, leading to symptoms such as nausea, ulcers, and abdominal pain.

This side effect is significant because it can result in more serious complications, such as gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation, especially in individuals who are using these medications long-term or who have existing GI issues. It's essential for healthcare providers to monitor patients on NSAIDs for signs of GI distress and to consider alternatives or preventative measures, such as prescribing proton pump inhibitors, in at-risk patients. This understanding underlines the importance of patient education regarding the risks associated with NSAID use.