What is a common side effect associated with proton pump inhibitors?

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used to reduce gastric acid production, primarily in conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers. One of the common side effects associated with their use is xerostomia, or dry mouth.

Xerostomia can occur because PPIs may alter the balance of gastric pH, affecting the oral microbiome and salivary function. Saliva plays a critical role in maintaining oral health, and reduced saliva flow can lead to discomfort, difficulty swallowing, increased risk of dental caries, and oral infections. It is important for patients taking PPIs to be aware of this side effect and manage it effectively, which may include staying hydrated and using saliva substitutes or oral rinses.

The other options—weight gain, increased acidity, and frequent urination—are not commonly associated with PPI use. Weight gain is more associated with changes in diet or lifestyle rather than PPIs themselves. PPIs work to decrease acidity, not increase it, making that option inaccurate. Frequent urination is unrelated to the mechanism of action of PPIs and is more often linked to medications with diuretic properties or dietary factors.