What are common side effects of antibacterial drugs?

Antibacterial drugs are commonly associated with specific side effects due to their mechanism of action and the changes they induce in the body. Superinfection is a notable side effect stemming from the disruption of normal flora. As antibacterials target pathogenic bacteria, they may also eliminate beneficial bacteria, allowing opportunistic pathogens to thrive, leading to conditions such as yeast infections or Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea.

Gastrointestinal upset, including nausea and diarrhea, is another frequent side effect of antibacterials. This occurs due to the effects on the gut microbiome and direct irritation of the gastrointestinal lining.

In comparison, while other choices mention valid symptoms, they are not as characteristic of antibacterial therapy as superinfection and gastrointestinal issues. This specificity reinforces why option B is especially relevant in the context of antibacterial medications and helps provide clarity on the commonly reported side effects associated with their use.