Does phenytoin have a side effect of gingival enlargement?

Phenytoin, an anticonvulsant medication primarily used to control seizures, is known to produce several side effects, one of which is gingival enlargement, also referred to as gingival hyperplasia. This condition occurs in a significant number of patients taking phenytoin, particularly with long-term use or at higher doses.

The mechanism behind this side effect is not entirely understood, but it is thought to be related to the drug’s effects on cellular metabolism and proliferation in the gingival tissues. The fibrous tissue overgrowth can result in an increase in gum size, leading to potential issues with oral hygiene and increased risk for periodontal disease. This side effect highlights the importance of dental hygiene and regular check-ups for patients on phenytoin, as well as the need for possible referral to a dental professional for management.

Being aware of this side effect is crucial for dental hygienists, as it can impact treatment planning and patient care strategies for individuals using phenytoin. This indicates a direct relationship between the medication and its effect on oral health, reinforcing the significance of pharmacological knowledge in dental practice.